ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. EN 1.7321 Steel
Both ASTM A232 spring steel and EN 1.7321 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7321 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 540 | |
| 150 to 170 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 490 to 1460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 45 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 2.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 50 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 17 to 52 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 18 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 14 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0.17 to 0.23 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.7 | |
| 97.1 to 98.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.7 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |