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ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. Nickel 689

ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 689 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is nickel 689.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 540
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 1040
420
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46
21
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Shear Strength, MPa 1090
790
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1790
1250
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1610
690

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
330
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
990
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
70
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
11
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 28
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
330

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 250
240
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 64
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 42
30
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 53
35

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.75 to 1.3
Boron (B), % 0
0.0030 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0.1 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
18 to 20
Cobalt (Co), % 0
9.0 to 11
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.7
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
9.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
48.3 to 60.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.3 to 2.8
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.3
0