ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. C51000 Bronze
ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C51000 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is C51000 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 2.7 to 64 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 1090 | |
| 250 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 330 to 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1610 | |
| 130 to 750 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1050 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 960 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 77 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 18 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 18 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 33 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 50 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 250 | |
| 7.0 to 490 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.0 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 10 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 12 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 12 to 28 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 92.9 to 95.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0.030 to 0.35 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 4.5 to 5.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |