ASTM A232 Spring Steel vs. C94900 Bronze
ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94900 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A232 spring steel and the bottom bar is C94900 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
| 17 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 41 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1790 | |
| 300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1610 | |
| 130 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 190 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 170 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 980 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 910 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 370 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 14 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 14 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 32 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 3.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 28 | |
| 55 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 250 | |
| 41 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 6.9 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 64 | |
| 9.4 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 42 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 53 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.48 to 0.53 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 79 to 81 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.7 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 6.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 6.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 6.0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 6.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |