ASTM A302 Alloy Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
ASTM A302 alloy steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A302 alloy steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 23 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 250 to 280 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 370 to 390 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 to 620 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 350 to 390 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 410 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 39 to 51 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.4 to 3.0 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 to 1.6 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 to 21 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 to 50 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 120 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 330 to 410 | |
| 2760 to 5010 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 to 22 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 to 21 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 to 14 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 66 to 100 |