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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. AISI 418 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and AISI 418 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is AISI 418 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
330
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
520
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 39
50
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 420
680
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1100
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
770
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1500
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1460
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
25
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
1830
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
38
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
29
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
6.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
40

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.15 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
12 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
78.5 to 83.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.8 to 2.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
2.5 to 3.5