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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and ASTM grade HL steel are iron alloys. They have 49% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
150
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
27
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
4.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
65
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
210

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
48
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.2 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0
28 to 32
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
40.8 to 53.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
18 to 22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040