ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. EN 1.1132 Steel
Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and EN 1.1132 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.1132 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 | |
| 110 to 140 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 12 to 24 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 180 to 280 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 | |
| 63 to 73 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 260 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 370 to 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 240 to 400 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 38 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 400 | |
| 160 to 430 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 13 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 15 to 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 12 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
| 0.13 to 0.17 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
| 98.6 to 99.57 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |