ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1084 Steel
Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI 1084 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1084 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 | |
| 220 to 270 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 320 to 370 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 | |
| 28 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 470 to 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 780 to 930 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 510 to 600 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 8.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 81 to 89 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 400 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 28 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 24 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 25 to 30 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
| 0.8 to 0.93 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
| 98.1 to 98.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |