ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1137 Steel
Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI 1137 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1137 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 | |
| 200 to 210 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 250 to 400 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 | |
| 34 to 39 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 430 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 700 to 760 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 370 to 650 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 10 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 1.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 81 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 400 | |
| 360 to 1130 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 25 to 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 22 to 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 21 to 23 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
| 0.32 to 0.39 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
| 97.8 to 98.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 1.4 to 1.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.080 to 0.13 |