ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1212 Steel
Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI 1212 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1212 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 11 to 28 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 200 to 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 | |
| 39 to 51 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 280 to 370 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 440 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 260 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 64 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 400 | |
| 180 to 560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 15 to 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 16 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 14 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
| 98.5 to 99.07 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0.7 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0.070 to 0.12 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.16 to 0.23 |