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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI A3 Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI A3 steel are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 91% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI A3 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
700 to 2150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
37
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
8.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
9.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
6.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
67
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
78

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
25 to 77
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
23 to 48
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
23 to 70

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
1.2 to 1.3
Chromium (Cr), % 0
4.8 to 5.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
88.7 to 92
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.4 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.8 to 1.4