ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI M44 Steel
Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI M44 steel are iron alloys. They have 69% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI M44 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
200 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.29 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
78 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
870 to 2290 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
270 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
1590 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
1540 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
440 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
14 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
43 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
8.4 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
9.9 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
150 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
170 |
Common Calculations
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
13 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
23 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
28 to 75 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
24 to 46 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
3.7 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
27 to 70 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
1.1 to 1.2 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
4.0 to 4.8 |
Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
11 to 12.3 |
Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.25 |
Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
65.3 to 70.6 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
0.2 to 0.4 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
6.0 to 7.0 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.3 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
0.3 to 0.55 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
5.0 to 5.8 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
1.9 to 2.2 |