ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. C16500 Copper
ASTM A321 carbon steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C16500 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is C16500 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 1.5 to 53 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 200 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 280 to 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 97 to 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 210 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1070 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 250 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 60 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 61 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 31 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 7.8 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 400 | |
| 41 to 1160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 8.6 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 11 to 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 74 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 9.8 to 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Cadmium (Cd), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.55 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 97.8 to 98.9 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 99.25 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.7 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |