ASTM A356 Grade 9 vs. ASTM A217 Cast Steel
Both ASTM A356 grade 9 and ASTM A217 cast steel are iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A356 grade 9 and the bottom bar is ASTM A217 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 160 to 210 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 21 to 27 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 | |
| 200 to 320 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 to 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 50 | |
| 39 to 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 to 75 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 540 to 710 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 460 | |
| 270 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 250 to 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 440 | |
| 410 to 600 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1450 to 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1410 to 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 41 | |
| 26 to 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.5 | |
| 7.3 to 9.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.6 | |
| 8.4 to 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.6 | |
| 2.4 to 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.4 | |
| 1.5 to 2.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 33 | |
| 20 to 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 56 | |
| 47 to 87 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 4.7 | |
| 2.5 to 13 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 110 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 570 | |
| 190 to 570 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 to 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 19 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 19 to 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 6.9 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 16 to 20 |