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ASTM A356 Grade 9 vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A356 grade 9 and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A356 grade 9 and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 17
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 50
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 460
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 440
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.6
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 33
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 56
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.2
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.5
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 95.2 to 97.2
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.2
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.6
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0.2 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.3