ASTM A372 Grade C Steel vs. AWS E33-31

Both ASTM A372 grade C steel and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. They have a modest 31% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade C steel and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.

ASTM A372 Grade C Carbon Steel AWS E33-31 (W33310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210

Elongation at Break, %		17
Elongation at Break, %		29

Poisson's Ratio		0.29
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		73
Shear Modulus, GPa		81

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		710
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		250
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		320

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1460
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1380

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1330

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		470
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		1.8
Base Metal Price, % relative		36

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.9

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		6.0

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		19
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		86

Embodied Water, L/kg		46
Embodied Water, L/kg		260

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		24
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		28

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		23
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		22
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.48
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.030

Chromium (Cr), %		0
Chromium (Cr), %		31 to 35

Copper (Cu), %		0
Copper (Cu), %		0.4 to 0.8

Iron (Fe), %		97.5 to 99.85
Iron (Fe), %		24.7 to 34.8

Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.7
Manganese (Mn), %		2.5 to 4.0

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		1.0 to 2.0

Nickel (Ni), %		0
Nickel (Ni), %		30 to 32

Nitrogen (N), %		0
Nitrogen (N), %		0.3 to 0.5

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.015
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.020

Silicon (Si), %		0.15 to 0.35
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.9

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.010
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.010