ASTM A372 Grade F Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium
ASTM A372 grade F steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade F steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 to 280 | |
| 120 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 22 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.4 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 38 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 650 to 910 | |
| 220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 430 to 550 | |
| 140 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 270 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 7.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.6 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 to 160 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 500 to 810 | |
| 93 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 6.8 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 to 32 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 21 to 27 | |
| 9.5 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 27 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.3 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Hafnium (Hf), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.9 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 98.1 to 99.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |