ASTM A372 Grade H Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel
Both ASTM A372 grade H steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade H steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 to 280 | |
| 540 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 to 22 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 380 | |
| 1000 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 410 to 570 | |
| 1080 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 650 to 910 | |
| 1790 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 430 to 550 | |
| 1570 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 410 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 45 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 | |
| 2.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 2.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 49 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 to 160 | |
| 230 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 to 32 | |
| 64 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 21 to 27 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 to 27 | |
| 53 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.3 to 0.4 | |
| 0.48 to 0.53 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0.8 to 1.1 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97.3 to 98.3 | |
| 96.7 to 97.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.75 to 1.1 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |