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ASTM A372 Grade J Steel vs. 4032 Aluminum

ASTM A372 grade J steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4032 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade J steel and the bottom bar is 4032 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 310
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
73
Elongation at Break, % 17 to 22
6.7
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 570
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
28
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 630
260
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 650 to 1020
390
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 850
320

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
570
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
570
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
530
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
140
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
34
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
10
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
7.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1030

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130 to 170
25
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 500 to 1930
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
53
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23 to 36
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 29
45
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
59
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 30
20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
81.1 to 87.2
Carbon (C), % 0.35 to 0.5
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.5 to 1.3
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.8
0 to 1.0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.8 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.1
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0.5 to 1.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
11 to 13.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15