ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. N08221 Nickel
ASTM A372 grade K steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while N08221 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. They have a modest 33% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is N08221 nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 440 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 79 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 490 | |
| 410 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 780 | |
| 610 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 620 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 440 | |
| 980 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 460 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 4.4 | |
| 44 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 24 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 57 | |
| 240 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 2.7 | |
| 40 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 160 | |
| 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1010 | |
| 170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 | |
| 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.18 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.0 to 1.8 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 3.0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 93.4 to 96.6 | |
| 22 to 33.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.1 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 5.0 to 6.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 2.0 to 3.3 | |
| 39 to 46 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.0 |