ASTM A372 Grade L Steel vs. Grade 20 Titanium
ASTM A372 grade L steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 20 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade L steel and the bottom bar is grade 20 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
120 |
Elongation at Break, % | 14 | |
5.7 to 17 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 670 | |
550 to 630 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.32 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
47 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 700 | |
560 to 740 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1160 | |
900 to 1270 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1040 | |
850 to 1190 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
400 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
370 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
1660 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
1600 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
520 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
9.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
5.0 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.7 | |
52 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
860 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 54 | |
350 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 150 | |
71 to 150 |
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2890 | |
2940 to 5760 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
14 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
33 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 41 | |
50 to 70 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 31 | |
41 to 52 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 34 | |
55 to 77 |
Alloy Composition
Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
3.0 to 4.0 |
Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
0 to 0.050 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
5.5 to 6.5 |
Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.020 |
Iron (Fe), % | 95.2 to 96.3 | |
0 to 0.3 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.8 | |
0 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
3.5 to 4.5 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
0 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.12 |
Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
0.040 to 0.080 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
0 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
0 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
0 |
Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
71 to 77 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
7.5 to 8.5 |
Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
3.5 to 4.5 |
Residuals, % | 0 | |
0 to 0.4 |