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ASTM A372 Grade L Steel vs. Grade 4 Titanium

ASTM A372 grade L steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade L steel and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 350
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 14
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 670
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
41
Shear Strength, MPa 700
390
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1160
640
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1040
530

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
19
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
9.4

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
3.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
6.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.5
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 54
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 150
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2890
1330
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 41
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
37
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
7.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 34
46

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 95.2 to 96.3
0 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.8
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.6 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4