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ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. 4032 Aluminum

ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4032 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is 4032 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 240 to 280
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
73
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
6.7
Fatigue Strength, MPa 450 to 520
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
28
Shear Strength, MPa 510 to 570
260
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810 to 910
390
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 660 to 770
320

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
570
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
570
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
530
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
140
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.0
34
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 5.0
10
Density, g/cm3 7.9
2.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
7.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 61
1030

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
25
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1140 to 1580
700
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
53
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29 to 32
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
45
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
59
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24 to 27
20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
81.1 to 87.2
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.23
0
Chromium (Cr), % 1.5 to 2.0
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.5 to 1.3
Iron (Fe), % 92.5 to 95.1
0 to 1.0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.8 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.8 to 3.9
0.5 to 1.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
11 to 13.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.080
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15