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ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. 4147 Aluminum

ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4147 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is 4147 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
72
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
3.3
Fatigue Strength, MPa 450 to 520
42
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 510 to 570
63
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810 to 910
110
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 660 to 770
59

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
570
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
580
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
21

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.0
33
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 5.0
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.9
2.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
7.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 61
1050

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
3.1
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1140 to 1580
24
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
16
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
55
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29 to 32
12
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
58
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24 to 27
5.2

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
85 to 88.9
Beryllium (Be), % 0
0 to 0.00030
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.23
0
Chromium (Cr), % 1.5 to 2.0
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 92.5 to 95.1
0 to 0.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.1 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.4
0 to 0.1
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.8 to 3.9
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
11 to 13
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.080
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15