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ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. 5251 Aluminum

ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 5251 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is 5251 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 240 to 280
44 to 79
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
68
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
2.0 to 19
Fatigue Strength, MPa 450 to 520
59 to 110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 510 to 570
110 to 160
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810 to 910
180 to 280
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 660 to 770
67 to 250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
150
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.0
37
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 5.0
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.9
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
8.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 61
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
5.4 to 27
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1140 to 1580
33 to 450
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29 to 32
18 to 29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
26 to 35
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
61
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24 to 27
7.9 to 13

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
95.5 to 98.2
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.23
0
Chromium (Cr), % 1.5 to 2.0
0 to 0.15
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.15
Iron (Fe), % 92.5 to 95.1
0 to 0.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.7 to 2.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.4
0.1 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.8 to 3.9
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.15
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.080
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.15
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15

Comparable Variants