ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Both ASTM A372 grade M steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 240 to 280 | |
| 250 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 450 to 520 | |
| 430 to 610 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 510 to 570 | |
| 550 to 840 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 to 910 | |
| 890 to 1380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 660 to 770 | |
| 710 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 450 | |
| 850 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1510 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 2.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.1 | |
| 3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 5.0 | |
| 9.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 2.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 61 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 3.4 | |
| 16 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 160 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1140 to 1580 | |
| 1270 to 2770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 29 to 32 | |
| 32 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 27 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 7.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 28 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.23 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.5 to 2.0 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 92.5 to 95.1 | |
| 78.2 to 83.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 2.8 to 3.9 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |