ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4320 Steel
Both ASTM A372 grade M steel and SAE-AISI 4320 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 240 to 280 | |
| 160 to 240 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 21 to 29 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 450 to 520 | |
| 320 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 510 to 570 | |
| 370 to 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 to 910 | |
| 570 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 660 to 770 | |
| 430 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 450 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 46 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 7.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.1 | |
| 8.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 5.0 | |
| 3.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 61 | |
| 52 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 160 | |
| 140 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1140 to 1580 | |
| 480 to 560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 29 to 32 | |
| 20 to 28 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 19 to 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 19 to 27 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.23 | |
| 0.17 to 0.22 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.6 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 92.5 to 95.1 | |
| 95.8 to 97 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0.45 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| 0.2 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 2.8 to 3.9 | |
| 1.7 to 2.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |