ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. SAE-AISI D4 Steel
Both ASTM A372 grade M steel and SAE-AISI D4 steel are iron alloys. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 8.4 to 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 450 to 520 | |
| 310 to 920 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 510 to 570 | |
| 460 to 1210 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 to 910 | |
| 760 to 2060 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 660 to 770 | |
| 470 to 1540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.1 | |
| 5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 5.0 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.0 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 27 | |
| 49 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 61 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 3.4 | |
| 15 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 160 | |
| 100 to 160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 29 to 32 | |
| 27 to 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 24 to 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.23 | |
| 2.1 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.5 to 2.0 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 92.5 to 95.1 | |
| 80.6 to 86.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 2.8 to 3.9 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |