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ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. C18400 Copper

ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C18400 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is C18400 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
120
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
13 to 50
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
44
Shear Strength, MPa 510 to 570
190 to 310
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810 to 910
270 to 490
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 660 to 770
110 to 480

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 450
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1080
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1070
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
390
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
320
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.0
80
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
81

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 5.0
31
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 27
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 61
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
63 to 120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1140 to 1580
54 to 980
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.3
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29 to 32
8.5 to 15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
10 to 16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
94
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24 to 27
9.6 to 17

Alloy Composition

Arsenic (As), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Calcium (Ca), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.23
0
Chromium (Cr), % 1.5 to 2.0
0.4 to 1.2
Copper (Cu), % 0
97.2 to 99.6
Iron (Fe), % 92.5 to 95.1
0 to 0.15
Lithium (Li), % 0
0 to 0.050
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.8 to 3.9
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.1
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.080
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.7
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.5

Comparable Variants