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ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. 3004 Aluminum

ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is 3004 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140 to 160
45 to 83
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
70
Elongation at Break, % 25
1.1 to 19
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 230
55 to 120
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 300 to 330
100 to 180
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 470 to 520
170 to 310
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
68 to 270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
630
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
42
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
140

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
8.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 110
3.2 to 27
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 250
33 to 540
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 16 to 18
18 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
25 to 37
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
65
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
7.6 to 13

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
95.6 to 98.2
Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.17
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 97 to 98.2
0 to 0.7
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.8 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 0.65
1.0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.6
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.4
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15

Comparable Variants