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ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade K Steel

Both ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and ASTM A372 grade K steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140 to 160
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 25
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 230
440
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 300 to 330
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 470 to 520
780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
620

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
48
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
4.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
24
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
57

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 2.7
2.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 110
160
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 250
1010
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 16 to 18
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
23

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.17
0 to 0.18
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
1.0 to 1.8
Iron (Fe), % 97 to 98.2
93.4 to 96.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 0.65
0.1 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.6
0.2 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.0 to 3.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.010