ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. EN 2.4878 Nickel
ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4878 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4878 nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 13 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 160 to 250 | |
| 400 to 410 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 78 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 310 to 370 | |
| 750 to 760 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 to 590 | |
| 1210 to 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 230 to 350 | |
| 740 to 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 330 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 480 | |
| 1030 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1370 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1320 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 460 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 41 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 4.1 | |
| 80 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.8 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 23 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 62 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 84 to 110 | |
| 150 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 320 | |
| 1370 to 1540 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 21 | |
| 41 to 42 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 20 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 17 | |
| 37 to 39 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 1.2 to 1.6 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.010 to 0.015 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.15 | |
| 0.030 to 0.070 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 2.8 to 3.3 | |
| 23 to 25 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 94.4 to 96 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.9 to 1.1 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 43.6 to 52.2 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.0070 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 2.8 to 3.2 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.030 to 0.070 |