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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. Grade M35-2 Nickel

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade M35-2 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is grade M35-2 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
160
Elongation at Break, % 21
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 250
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
62
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 350
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
900
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1280
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1230
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
430
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
3.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
3.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
55
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
8.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
250

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 320
170
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
10
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
5.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0 to 0.35
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
26 to 33
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
0 to 3.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
59.1 to 74
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.030