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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. C19025 Copper

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C19025 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is C19025 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
120
Elongation at Break, % 21
8.0 to 17
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
43
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 370
300 to 360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
480 to 620

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1080
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1020
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
380
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
40
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
40

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
31
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
44
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
320

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.2
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
15 to 19
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
15 to 18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
47
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
17 to 22

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
97.1 to 98.5
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0.030 to 0.070
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0
Tin (Sn), % 0
0.7 to 1.1
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.3