ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. R30816 Cobalt
ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30816 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is R30816 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 to 180 | |
| 280 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 210 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 160 to 250 | |
| 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.3 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 81 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 to 590 | |
| 1020 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 230 to 350 | |
| 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 300 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1540 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1460 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 420 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 41 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 9.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.8 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 23 | |
| 320 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 62 | |
| 440 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 84 to 110 | |
| 190 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 140 to 320 | |
| 510 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 to 21 | |
| 31 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 20 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 3.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 17 | |
| 28 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.15 | |
| 0.32 to 0.42 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 2.8 to 3.3 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 40 to 49.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 94.4 to 96 | |
| 0 to 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.9 to 1.1 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |