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ASTM A387 Grade 91 Class 2 vs. 4045 Aluminum

ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4045 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 and the bottom bar is 4045 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 20
2.3
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330
45
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 75
27
Shear Strength, MPa 420
69
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
120
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470
64

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
540
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 600
160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
600
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
580
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 26
170
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
21

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 8.9
45
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 10
160

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 7.0
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.6
7.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 37
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 88
1070

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
2.4
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 580
29
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
54
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
13
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 6.9
74
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
5.7

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0 to 0.020
87.4 to 91
Carbon (C), % 0.080 to 0.12
0
Chromium (Cr), % 8.0 to 9.5
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.3
Iron (Fe), % 87.3 to 90.3
0 to 0.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0 to 0.050
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0 to 0.050
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.85 to 1.1
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.4
0
Niobium (Nb), % 0.060 to 0.1
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.030 to 0.070
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.5
9.0 to 11
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.2
Vanadium (V), % 0.18 to 0.25
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.1
Zirconium (Zr), % 0 to 0.010
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15