ASTM A414 Steel vs. 2025 Aluminum
ASTM A414 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2025 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is 2025 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 110 to 180 | |
| 110 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 72 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 to 26 | |
| 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 to 260 | |
| 130 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 370 | |
| 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 590 | |
| 400 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 190 to 350 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 520 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 870 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 to 50 | |
| 150 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 23 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 to 7.3 | |
| 40 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 to 8.4 | |
| 120 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 10 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 to 1.6 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 to 22 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 | |
| 1130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 69 to 130 | |
| 55 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 100 to 330 | |
| 450 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 21 | |
| 37 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 20 | |
| 40 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 58 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 17 | |
| 18 |