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ASTM A514 Steel vs. 3103 Aluminum

ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3103 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A514 steel and the bottom bar is 3103 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 240 to 250
27 to 62
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
70
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
1.1 to 28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 470 to 540
38 to 83
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 490 to 520
68 to 130
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 830
100 to 220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 690 to 770
39 to 200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250 to 260
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400 to 440
190
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
640
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 37 to 51
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2 to 7.6
42
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3 to 8.8
140

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3 to 3.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8 to 7.9
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6 to 1.8
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21 to 25
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 48 to 57
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 140 to 170
2.4 to 24
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1280 to 1590
11 to 280
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 29
10 to 22
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 25
18 to 30
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10 to 14
64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 24
4.6 to 9.9