ASTM A514 Steel vs. Grade 28 Titanium
ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A514 steel and the bottom bar is grade 28 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 540 | |
| 330 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 490 to 520 | |
| 420 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 790 to 830 | |
| 690 to 980 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 690 to 770 | |
| 540 to 810 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 to 260 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 to 440 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 37 to 51 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.9 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 to 7.6 | |
| 1.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 to 8.8 | |
| 2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 to 3.8 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 to 1.8 | |
| 37 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 to 25 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 to 57 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 170 | |
| 87 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1280 to 1590 | |
| 1370 to 3100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 29 | |
| 43 to 61 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 25 | |
| 39 to 49 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 to 14 | |
| 3.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 24 | |
| 47 to 66 |