ASTM B541 Gold vs. Grade 21 Titanium
ASTM B541 gold belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM B541 gold and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.0 to 14 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.4 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 410 to 690 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 to 1180 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 480 to 900 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 90 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1110 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 930 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 170 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 17 | |
| 5.4 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 65 to 91 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1090 to 3830 | |
| 2760 to 5010 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 3.4 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 11 to 19 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.8 to 14 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 36 to 63 | |
| 66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 13.5 to 15.5 | |
| 0 |
| Gold (Au), % | 70.5 to 72.5 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Platinum (Pt), % | 8.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Silver (Ag), % | 4.0 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0.7 to 1.3 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |