ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel
Both ASTM grade HD steel and ASTM grade HL steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 83% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 150 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C | 460 | |
| 460 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1390 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 27 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 65 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 29 | |
| 31 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 48 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 40.8 to 53.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |