ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. AWS E33-31

Both ASTM grade HD steel and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. They have 65% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.

ASTM Grade HD (28Cr-5Ni, J93005) Cast Stainless Steel AWS E33-31 (W33310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210

Elongation at Break, %		9.1
Elongation at Break, %		29

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		80
Shear Modulus, GPa		81

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		590
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		320

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1380

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1370
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1330

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		490
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		11
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		17
Base Metal Price, % relative		36

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.9

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		6.0

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		45
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		86

Embodied Water, L/kg		180
Embodied Water, L/kg		260

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		29
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		44

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		26
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		28

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.5
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.030

Chromium (Cr), %		26 to 30
Chromium (Cr), %		31 to 35

Copper (Cu), %		0
Copper (Cu), %		0.4 to 0.8

Iron (Fe), %		58.4 to 70
Iron (Fe), %		24.7 to 34.8

Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.5
Manganese (Mn), %		2.5 to 4.0

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), %		1.0 to 2.0

Nickel (Ni), %		4.0 to 7.0
Nickel (Ni), %		30 to 32

Nitrogen (N), %		0
Nitrogen (N), %		0.3 to 0.5

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.020

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 2.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.9

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.010