ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. EN 1.7221 Steel
Both ASTM grade HD steel and EN 1.7221 steel are iron alloys. They have 67% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7221 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 290 to 390 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 650 to 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 430 to 630 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 2.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 83 to 98 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 490 to 1050 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 23 to 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 21 to 24 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 19 to 23 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.22 to 0.29 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 96.8 to 98.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |