ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. EN 2.4964 Cobalt
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4964 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 28% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4964 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 40 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 220 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 86 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 290 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1630 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1550 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 1.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 1.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 9.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 9.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 450 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 310 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 340 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 28 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 3.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 25 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.050 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 46.4 to 58 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 9.0 to 11 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |