ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. Grade 36 Titanium
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 36 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is grade 36 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 300 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.36 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 39 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 370 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 2020 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1950 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 420 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 6.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 58 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 920 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 1260 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 9.3 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 45 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0035 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 42 to 47 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.16 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 52.3 to 58 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |