ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. Nickel 689
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 689 belongs to the nickel alloys. They have a modest 28% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is nickel 689.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 210 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 420 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 690 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 330 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 990 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 70 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 11 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 330 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 240 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 1170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 35 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.3 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.0030 to 0.010 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.1 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 9.0 to 11 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 9.0 to 10.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 48.3 to 60.9 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 2.3 to 2.8 |