ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. Titanium 15-3-3-3
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while titanium 15-3-3-3 belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is titanium 15-3-3-3.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 5.7 to 8.0 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 610 to 710 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 39 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 1120 to 1390 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 1100 to 1340 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 390 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1620 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 520 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 9.8 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 1.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 2.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 40 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 4.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 59 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 950 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 260 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 78 to 89 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 12 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 64 to 80 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 50 to 57 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 3.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 79 to 98 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 72.6 to 78.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |