ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C17500 Copper
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C17500 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C17500 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 6.0 to 30 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 45 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 310 to 860 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 170 to 760 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 220 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 220 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1060 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1020 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 200 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 24 to 53 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 24 to 54 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 4.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 73 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 30 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 120 to 2390 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 7.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 9.7 to 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 11 to 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 59 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 11 to 29 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Beryllium (Be), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.7 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 2.4 to 2.7 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 95.6 to 97.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |