ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C31400 Bronze
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C31400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C31400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 6.8 to 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 42 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 270 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 78 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 180 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 43 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 26 to 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 28 to 420 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 8.7 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 9.6 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 5.8 to 11.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |